Broadly, there are four types of open airway reconstructions:
Allows airway expansion.
Excision of the stenotic segment followed by an end-to-end anastomosis.
Excision of the stenotic segment followed by an end-to-end anastomosis.
Sliding two narrowed airway segments on each other.
These procedures either reconstruct and expand or excise and anastomose or connect the narrowed airway segments. The decision is tailor-made as per individual patient needs.